Wiki+Collab+1+Aug.+17-29

Each of you need to post an answer(s) to the following questions. If all of the questions are taken, you need to add information to someone else's post. Add any pertinent links or additional resources as appropriate. Remember to also cite your sources!

After you have posted your answer, place a line underneath your answer. You can do this by clicking on the icon to the right of the "bullet" icon. Place your cursor where you want the line, then click the icon.

These questions are based on chapters 1 and 2 from the text. You may use the text as a starting point, but you also should find additional information elsewhere. Please cite your reference!!

Define/Discuss each of the following:


 * 1) **What are the current physical activity levels among Americans? Due to increases in technology over the past fifty years, Americans have become less physically active. Americans no longer need to be physically fit to do their jobs and there are many alternatives to engaging in physical activity. For example, televisions and computers provide entertainment for Americans, rather than exercising. Also, the widespread use of automobiles has made walking and bike riding a thing of the past (Physical Activity & Health textbook). According to a report from the Department of Health and Human Services, about one in every four U.S. adults engages in little or no regular physical activity. In addition, more than one third of all U.S. adults sit throughout most of the day. This is usually because their job requires them to sit at a desk for most of the day. Overall, Americans' physical activity levels have decreased rapidly over the years and are continuing to drop (usgovinfo.about.com). As far as physical activity goes among Americans today, the majority chooses not to do it. It seems as though most America’s are, “Just to busy.” Those who are obese with health problems cause many businesses to bring forth the issue, Shape up or pay up. Basically Corporations are bringing forth the carrot and stick approach. They may be using the carrot approach, which is the rewards system, or the stick approach, which means they are charging those who do not meet the needs of being in better physical shape. There really is a debate against which method works because how long will a person voluntarily work out verses someone who has to work out to eliminate the extra money taken away from their paycheck ( [] ). - M.B.  **

1. Lowers triglycerides 2. Reduces stress symptoms 3. Increases years of healthy life 4. Reduces risks of Alzheimer’s and dementia 5. Increases productivity 6. Greater resistance to fatigue  7. Helps build bone density  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; msofareastfontfamily: 'Times New Roman'; msolist: Ignore;">8. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Reduces risk of breast cancer <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; msofareastfontfamily: 'Times New Roman'; msolist: Ignore;">9. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Prevents high blood pressure <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; msofareastfontfamily: 'Times New Roman'; msolist: Ignore;">10. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Maintains fat loss <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Source: Physical Activity & Health by David Q. Thomas and Jerome E. Kotecki <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> <span style="font-family: 'Arial', 'sans-serif';">Exercise has overwhelming benefits! It improves your mood and decreases your risk of dying prematurely, which in itself should improve your mood! Physical activity increases your strength, flexibility, and endurance. While also helping you manage and lose unhealthy weight or even gain healthy weight (muscle). Along with all of this exercise boosts your energy level by “delivering oxygen and nutrient to your tissues”, helps you sleep, reduces stress, reduces your risk for numerous diseases and health concerns (including diabetes, heart disease, stroke, hypertension, developing cancers, acquiring osteoporosis. Overall physical activity helps your body stay strong and function properly so that we can all live long healthy lives! (Some information was gathered from-http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/exercise/HQ01676/NSECTIONGROUP=2) M.C. >
 * 1) **List at least ten health benefits of physical activity.
 * To add to this, physical activity helps to prevent back pain, osteoporosis by promoting bone formation, postponing the development of disability in older adults, and increasing self esteem and stress management. It can also help to lower your blood pressure. Physical activity definitely has many health benefits and helps to increase your chances of living a long fulfilling life. This is from http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=10074.--Abby
 * Physical activity can also reduce the risk of developing type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Metabolic syndrome is a condition where you have a combination of too much fat around the waist, high blood pressure, low HDL cholesterol, high triglycerides, or high blood sugar. Lower rates of these conditions are seen with 120 to 150 minutes a week of at least moderate intensity aerobic activity. So the more physical activity you do, the lower your risk will be. (http://www.cdc.gov/physicalactivity/everyone/health/index.html#ReduceDiabetes) -Erin G
 * 1) **Describe and list several "chronic" diseases.**
 * Chronic diseases are "Illnesses that can develop early in life and last a long period of time." (Physical Activity & Health textbook). Some chronic illnesses are Heart Disease, Diabetes, Cardiovascular Disease, Cerebrovascular Disease, Hypertension, Kidney Disease, Liver Disease, Alzheimer's Disease, Arthritis, Cancer, Epilepsy, and Osteoporosis (www.wrongdiagnosis.com).
 * One common chronic disease that many Americans live with today is diabetes. A person who has diabetes is unable to produce the a hormone called insulin, which helps the body convert food into energy. People who live with this disease have to carefully manage their daily diets to ensure that there glucose levels are sufficient for everyday activities. Diabetes is caused mainly through genetics, but a persons level of exercise and weight influence an individual's chances of becoming diabetic. 23.6 million American live with diabetes today. There are three types of diabetes, type 1, type 2 and Gestational diabetes. Even though each type differs from one another, they all deal with the body's inability to properly use insulin. (http://www.diabetes.org/about-diabetes.jsp) M.M.
 * Another common chronic disease is Osteoporosis, which is a bone disease that cause bones to become very brittle and makes them more likely to break. This can progress over long periods of time and be painless, until a bone breaks. The most common broken bones with osteoporosis are the hip, spine, and wrist. Hip and spine breakage is very dangerous and often involves major surgeries and can cause serious or permanent damage. It's proven that women are four times more likely to get osteoporosis than men, but millions of men and women get it. Steps can be taken to prevent osteoporosis and help maintain strong and healthy bones. By eating right and getting your daily recommonded amounts of calcium and vitamin D, you can help prevent this disease. You can also work on strength training to keep muscles strong, avoid smoking and excessive drinking, and have bone density tests done. By talking to your doctor and knowing the facts, you can start right away in taking the preventative steps to stop this disease and live a healthy life. ([]).
 * To add to this list of "chronic" diseases is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease better known as COPD. I know this first hand because my grandfather had it for years. The definitions of COPD is - comprised primarily of two related diseases - chronic bronchitis and emphysema. In both diseases, there is chronic obstruction of the flow of air through the airways and out of the lungs, and the obstruction generally is permanent and progressive over time. However, in some patients with COPD the obstruction can be partially reversed by medications that enlarge or dilate the airways (bronchodilators) as with asthma. In my grandfather's case he was put on medication (not for sure what exactly) and was on an oxygen machine 24/7. And then on top of that had to be on a different machine once a night for so many minutes to help clear his airways and clean things out. Statistics show that smoking is responsible for 90% of COPD in the U.S. So an easy answer to not get it would be to NOT SMOKE! ( []) Cody C.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'; color: black;">Chronic diseases are "Illnesses that can develop early in life and last a long period of time." (from our Physical Activity & Health textbook). One chronic disease I have experience with is psoriasis. This is a disease that relates to the immune system. In a person without psoriasis t cells travel through the body and fight off bacteria and other substance, however in someone with psoriasis it attacks healthy skin. I have had this condition very severe in years prior and experienced many complications as a result. I have found that exercising and nutrition play a key role in keeping this in remission. Another, sometimes harder factor is stress reduction. (mayo clinic-http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/psoriasis/DS00193) M.C.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'; color: black;">Another chronic disease to add to the list is Parkinson's disease. Parkinson's disease develops gradually, often starting with a barely noticeable tremor in just one hand. But while tremor may be the most well-known sign of Parkinson's disease, the disorder also commonly causes a slowing or freezing of movement. Friends and family may notice that your face shows little or no expression and your arms don't swing when you walk. Speech often becomes soft and mumbling. Parkinson's symptoms tend to worsen as the disease progresses. While there is no cure for Parkinson's disease, many different types of medicines can treat its symptoms. In some cases, your doctor may suggest surgery. Many symptoms of Parkinson's disease result from the lack of a chemical messenger, called dopamine, in the brain. This occurs when the specific brain cells that produce dopamine die or become impaired. But researchers still aren't certain about what sets this chain of evens in motion. Some theorize that genetic mutations or environmental toxins may play a role in Parkinson's disease. (http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/parkinsons-disease/DS00295/DSECTION=causes) --KH
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'; color: black;">To add to the Chronic Diseases, Diseases of the Heart are the leading causes of death, followed closely by cancer. Nearly 1.7 million people die each year because of chronic diseases. In 2005, 133 million people suffered from some type of chronic condition, nearly half of our country. Seventy percent of all deaths in America are related to chronic diseases. Nearly 75% of the country's medical care costs are related to chronic diseases, totaling near 1.6 trillion dollars. [] - Ben
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'; color: black;">Another chronic disease that I have personal experience with is Rheumatoid Arthritis. My mother has RA, so I have seen its effects. This disease is a type of arthritis that effects a person's joints. It results in chronic pain and loss of funtion in the affected joints. The effects do flare up at different degrees at different times. The cause is currently unknown and there is no cure, however there is medication that could reduce the symptoms. RA is also a systematic disease that can effect other organs in the body if it is not treated. There are three stages of Rheumatoid Arthritis. The first stage is the swelling of the lining of the joints. The second stage involves rapid division and growth of lining cells. This causes the lining to thicken. The final stage involves the releasing of enzymes that digest the bone and cartilage. This can cause more pain, loss of movement, and joint disfigurement. This disease is very painful and can result in physical limitations. ([]) - BKA


 * 1) **What are the leading causes of death among Americans?** The top ten leading causes of death among Americans include heart disease, cancer, stroke, chronic lower respiratory diseases, unintentional s, diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, influenza & pneumonia, nephritis, and septicemia. (http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/FASTATS/lcod.htm)
 * To add to this list, numbers eleven through fifteen for causes of death include suicide, chronic liver disease and cirrhosis, high blood pressure, parkinson's disease, and homicide. As you may notice, a significant percentage of the leading causes of death have to do with your physical health and well-being. If you are interested in not becoming a part of this statistic, I would recommend putting forth the time and energy to increase your overall health. Doing so would reduce your risk for a number of these deaths and would increase your life longevity. ([|howtolivealongerlife.com] ) - Matt R
 * 1) **List and describe the different dimensions of health/wellness. __Physical Health:__** __Refers to the overall condition of the body's organ systems. **Intellectual Health:** Refers to the use of one's mental capacities. **Emotional Health:** Is the ability to express feelings appropriately. **Social Health:** Refers to having the ability to interact effectively with others. **Spiritual Health:** Pertains to the soul of spirit. **Career Health:** Pertains to one's chosen vocation in life. **Environmental Health:** Refers to everything around us, and includes the impact of natural and human-made environments on our health.__ Information found in Chapter 1 ones by Karen Dennis.
 * 2) **Describe and provide an example of the Health and Wellness Continuum.** The continuum allows a person to visualize the difference between the wellness and medical approaches to health. The continuum includes seven interrelated dimensions of health. There are two different basic areas a person can be placed at. Health falls somewhere on this line from a high level to a low level and its based on whether that person is very healthy or has poor health. The low level can include things such as inattention, chronic aches and pains, disabilities, and etc. The high level can include such things as exhibiting a high degree of responsibility, discipline, and positive direction in life and accept responsibility of their health. [|http://fcweb.bloomington.k12.mn.us/~cmeyer/Wellness+Continuum]
 * 3) **Describe a "healthy lifestyle."** A "healthy lifestyle" is defined as a recurring pattern of health-promoting and disease-preventing behaviors undertaken to achieve wellness. (Physical Activity & Health textbook) In general, a healthy person doesn't smoke, is at a healthy weight, eats healthy, and exercises. The trick to living a healthy lifestyle is to make small changes to your every day life. ([])
 * 4) __To add on to that, a healthy lifestyle is a way of living that lowers the risk of being seriosuly ill or the chance of dying early. Not all sickness' and diseases can be avioded, but a large proportion of deaths, like coronany heart disease and lung cancer, can be prevented. A healthy lifestyle also helps you enjoy more aspects of your life. Health is not just about aviod sickness, it is about physical, mental, and the social well-being of oneself too. http://www.euro.who.int/Document/E66134.pdf__ --Rachel Collsen
 * 5) **Define and distinguish between physical activity, exercise, and physical fitness.** Physical activity is all the energy expended by skeletal muscular movement. Physical activity can include activities like riding your bike to class and mowing your lawn. Health benefits can include burning calories and staying at your existing body weight. Exercise is a subset of physical activity that is a planned, structured, repetitive, and purposeful attempt to improve or maintain physical fitness. Exercise can include lifting weights, running, riding a bike, or swimming. Physical fitness is a set of health-related attributes a person has, such as cardiorespiratory endurance, muscular strength and endurance, flexibility, and body composition, that contribute to one's capacity to do physical activity. [] and [].  Galen

There are two overall goals for Healthy People 2010: increase quality and years of healthy life and to eliminate health disparities. There are 28 focus chapters that have a specific goal statement. Three specific goal statement categories involve the topics of cancer, disability and secondary conditions, and food safety. For example, the goal statement for cancer is to decrease the number of new cancer cases as well as the illness, disability, and death caused by cancer. ([])
 * 7. What is the CDC's and ACSM's recommendation for physical activity?**
 * The CDC and ACMS say that s should engage in moderate physical activity for at least 30 minutes, 5 days per week. Another option is vigorous physical activity for at least 20 minutes, 3 days per week. In doing this activity, a goal of 150 calories burned per day can be reached equaling out to 1000 calories per week.
 * 8. What is Healthy People 2010 and who initiated it?** Healthy People 2010 is a set of objectives that was initiated by federal agencies who are expertise is the science area. It was developed to make people achieve better health throughout their life and realize what a healthy life is.(healthypeople.gov)