Wiki+Collab+3+Sept.+20-Oct.+3

tocEach of you need to post an answer(s) to the following questions. If all of the questions are taken, you need to add information to someone else's post. Add any pertinent links or additional resources as appropriate. Remember to also cite your sources!After you have posted your answer, place a line underneath your answer. You can do this by clicking on the icon to the right of the "bullet" icon. Place your cursor where you want the line, then click the icon.Collaboratively discuss and define the following:Many athletes and individuals rely on performance enhancing aids/ergogenic aids or supplements to give them an edge, especially with developing muscular strength and endurance and weight loss. While some of these aids have had research conducted on them, others have not. The potential side effects of several aids are the market are not yet known.For your discussion/collaboration this week, you are to search out an ergogenic aid that is currently on the market. It may be found online, at nutrition/vitamin stores, plain-old grocery stores, wherever. Look up whatever you can find about that aid. Below, specifically adress the following questions:List the name of the aid,Purposed "benefits"Has there been scientific, controlled research conducted on the effectiveness or side effects of this aid?Known side effectsPotential side effectsCostWhere you can purchase this aid.It is very important for this discussion that you properly cite all of your information sources. Please use APA formatting. You should also include the link to any online information you found. Each of you should look and find a different aid. There are a "gazillion" different aids out there, so you should not have any problem finding something. Make sure and write your name next to your entry!Additionally, for this page, we will create a table of contents. When you enter your supplement/aid on this page, highlight it (the NAME of the supplement only, not your complete text) and on the toolbar above, change the font from "normal" to "Heading 1". This will automatically create a table of contents for you after you have saved the information.

Ben Murphy =L-Glutamine= Yes there has been but it is not recognized and evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. (2007) //Clayton South's Health Facts//. Retrieved October 3, 2009, from [] (2001) //L-Glutamine Side-Effects and Benefits//. Retrieved October 1, 2009, from Body Building For You Web Site: []
 * Purposed "Benefits":** Minimizes the breakdown of muscle tissue and improves protein metabolism, also increases growth hormone levels. Research shows that glutamine levels are substantially reduced after a tough workout and supplementing glutamine will greatly improve protein metabolism and you will greatly reduce recovery time between workouts. Bodybuilders and avid weight lifters use it so that they can lift heavy more often without having to take as many off-days. Can also increase growth hormone levels.
 * Has there been scientific, controlled research conducted on the effectiveness or side effects of this aid?**
 * Known side effects**: No adverse side effects because it is an amino-acid that is naturally occuring in the body. However, as with all supplements, it is not a good idea to take too much of it. Stomach aches are a result of too much of it. Take recommended dosages.
 * Cost:** $10-$70 (depending on brand and amount of servings)
 * Where can you purchase this aid? GNC, Vitamins Stores, Online, very common product, not hard to find.**

Cassandra Molof =Hydroxycut=
 * List the name of the aid:**
 * Purposed "benefits":** Fat Loss, Weight Loss, Increased energy and stronger workouts, improved stamina, increased metabolism, decreased appetite
 * Has there been scientific, controlled research conducted on the effectiveness or side effects of this aid?** Yes, it was released on May 1st, 2009, that the FDA is warning consumers to immediately stop using Hydroxycuts products. All Hydroxycuts has been recalled by Iovate.


 * Known side effects**: Increased pressure, increased heart rate, increased sweating, headaches, light headedness, dizziness, loss of appetite, feel restless, and feel jittery.
 * Potential side effects:**
 * Insomnia,
 * Nervousness or restlessness
 * Indigestion or heartburn

(2001). //Hydroxycut Side Effects and Benefits//. Retrieved September 9, 2009, from Body Building For You Web site: []
 * Cost:**
 * Where you can purchase this aid**

Lisa Frantini =QuickTrim=
 * Purposed "benefits":** Burns calories, curbs cravings, and increases energy levels.
 * Has there been scientific, controlled research conducted on the effectiveness or side effects of this aid?** No, this is a new supplement and has not yet been evaluated by the FDA.
 * Side Effects**: As of right now, there are no known side effects. The only warning is that each serving is equivalent to approximately 2 cups of coffee.
 * Cost:** $49.99
 * Where you can purchase this aid:** GNC

[]

=Creatine= > **Research**: No evaluation by the FDA. > **Known** **side** **effects**: water retention, nausea, diarrhea, cramping, muscle pain, and high blood pressure. To prevent dehydration, experts often suggest drinking plenty of water when using creatine. > **Potential** **side** **effects**: longterm side effects not studied > **Cost**: $15-$25 > **Where you can purchase this aid**: GNC [] > _
 * Purposed** "**benefits**":
 * Helps to fuel skeletal muscles and provides support for immediate energy production during high-intensity workouts
 * Creatine supplementation may help to promote cellular hydration

__There are two principal ways to increase our strength. The first is to increase the amount of force-generating muscle mass we have. In other words, the more muscle you have the stronger you will be. Another way is to increase our energy stores. You have more energy, so you can work harder. Creatine does the latter, or increases the amount of energy in our muscles. Later on this may lead to an increase in new muscle proteins, so these two processes are not entirely mutually exclusive. [] Matt R.__

List the name of the aid  =**//Molecular Nutrition X-Factor Advanced//** =  Purposed "benefits" "Supports rapid increases in muscle size, strength, endurance, and overall anaerobic/althetic performance."   Has there been scientific, controlled research conducted on the effectiveness or side effects of this aid? Known side effects : Subjects taking this supplement reported no negative changes nor side effects. This supplement has not been evaluated by the FDA. Cost $79.99 Where you can purchase this aid. GNC (2009). Molecular Nutrition X-Factor Advanced. Retrieved September 19, 2009. From General Nutrition Centers. [] X-Factor. Retrieved Septemebr 19, 2009. From Molecular Nutrition. [] Melissa Carls

=Adrenalean= Purposed "benefits": increase your energy and reduce your appetite, Adrenalean is supposed to deliver fast energy, appetite suppression, and all without jitters, stomachaches, headaches, or crashes.

Has there been scientific, controlled research conducted on the effectiveness or side effects of this aid? No, but Adrenalean claims that each ingredient has been significantly research despite their lack of references. They claim that the Synephrine in it is very helpful for weightloss, but there is no credible scientific evidence backing this claim. They don't even have a website, so it is hard for them to convince people that it is FDA approved.

Side effects - insomnia (the label says must be taken 6 hours before sleep and you are supposed to take 3 capsules a twice a day), nausea, and dehydration Because this contains an excess amount of caffeine, taking even one capsule can give you the jitters.

Cost- $25 for 120 capsules at 3 capsules twice a day.

Where you can purchase this aid. GNC

(2009.) Adrenalean Review. Retreived September 25, 2009, from http://www.dietspotlight.com/adrenalean-review/. Erin Gallagher

**Xenadrine**
//Purposed benefits//: reduce water weight, increase metabolism to burn calories, and boosts energy. //Has there been scientific, controlled research conducted on the effectiveness or side effects of this aid?// I could not find any info on whether scientific research has been done on this drug. All I could find was it has been tested on animals – it did increase their heart rate significantly. //Known side effects:// massive energy boost, anxiety, shaking, light headedness, cramps, numbness, light headaches, feeling faint, vomiting, dizziness, increased heart rate and rapid heart beat, increased sweating, dry mouth, nausea, and upset stomach. //Potential side effects//: can raise blood pressure, cause a stroke, seizures, or cause ventricular arrhythmia. //Cost:// The cost for Xenadrine is around $29.99 for a bottle of 90, or $39.99 for a bottle of 120 capsules. //Where you can purchase this aid:// Walgreens, Amazon.com, many other websites

Holmes Jr., R., & Tavee, J. (2008, July). Vasospasm and Stroke Attributable to Ephedra-Free Xenadrine: Case Report. //Military Medicine//, //173//(7), 708-710. Retrieved September 25, 2009, from Military & Government Collection database. Elyse Wilson

=Nitric Oxide=
 * Purposed benefits:** Training Energy, Motivation and Intensity, Mental Alertness and Focus, Muscle Fullness, Vascularity and Pumps, Strength, Power, and Endurance, Resistance to Muscular Fatigue, Blood Flow and Delivery of Oxygen and Nutrients to Muscle Tissue, Healthy Nitric Oxide (N.O.) Levels, Muscle Carnosine Content, Hydrogen Ion (H+) Buffering, Anaerobic Working Capacity of Muscle Tissue, Creatine Absorption, Transport and Bioavailability
 * Has there been scientific, controlled research conducted on the effectiveness or side effects of this aid: ** While scientific research has been done on nitric oxide, it has not been approved by the FDA.
 * Known side effects : **O verdose is a possibility. Dosing with too much arginine can lead to diarrhea, weakness and nausea.
 * Potential side effects**: Headaches, stomach pains, diarrhea, increased blood pressure.
 * Cost:** $70 for powder supplement to $130 for tablets.
 * Where you can purchase this aid:** GNC

//GNC//. Retrieved September 25, 2009, from [] //BSN NO-Xplode//. (n.d.). Retrieved September 25, 2009, from Body Building [] -BKA

= Amphetamines =


 * Examples**: Benzedrine, Adderall, and Dexedrine
 * Purposed Benefits**: increase alertness, self-confidence, concentration, decrease appetite while creating a feeling of increased energy, gives illusion of improved energy and sports performance
 * Has there been scientific, controlled research conducted on the effectiveness or side effects of this aid:** There are many short-term potential side effects, but the long term side effects could be much worse.Long-term use of amphetamines can result in an increase tolerance for the drugs and the need to continually take more for the same effect. It’s not uncommon for athletes to become dependent on the drug and have difficulty withdrawing from amphetamines. Sudden withdrawal can cause depression, weakness and extreme fatigue. Benzedrine, Adderall, and Dexedrine are all sometimes prescribed to treat ADHD.
 * Known side effects : ** increase in energy, decreased appetite
 * Potential side effects:** headaches, increased blood pressure, increased heart rate, insomnia, weight loss, hallucinations, convulsions, heart rhythm abnormalities, heart attack, uncontrollable movements of the face, paranoid delusions, nerve damage, irritability, confusion, tremors, anxiety, dizziness, hypertension
 * Cost:** Varies depending on the drug, amount, dosage, grams, etc.
 * Where you can purchase this aid:** Prescription from a doctor

(2009) Sports Medicine: Amphetamines. Retrieved September 27, 2009. From About.com. http://sportsmedicine.about.com/od/performanceenhancingdrugs/a/Amphetamines.htm

Raechelle Nailor

=Whey Protein=

Purposed "benefits" - Help increase lean muscle mass, Useful for weight loss, Enhances immune function, Helps prevent cancer Has there been scientific, controlled research conducted on the effectiveness or side effects of this aid? - The following doses have been studied in scientific research: Known side effects - You can expect little if any side effects when taking Whey Protein Potential side effects - There have been no documented side effects Cost - Anywhere from about $15 dollars on up. It depends on the size of the container you get and brand name. Where you can purchase this aid - Anywhere. GNC stores, nutritional stores, even Walmart
 * BY MOUTH:**
 * For improving athletic performance: 1.2-1.5 grams/kg of whey protein in combination with strength training for 6-10 weeks.
 * For HIV/AIDS-related weight loss: 8.4-84 grams of whey protein per day, or 2.4 grams/kg per day in a high-calorie formula, or 42-84 grams per day in a glutamine-enriched formula.

(2009). Whey Protein Side Effects - Whey Protein Benefits Information. Retrieved September 27, 2009. From Body Building For You. [|http://www.bodybuildingforyou.com/protein/whey-protein-sideeffects-information.htm]

(2009). Whey Protein. Retrieved September 27, 2009. From WebMD. [|http://www.webmd.com/vitamins-supplements/ingredientmono-833-WHEY+PROTEIN.aspx?activeIngredientId=833&activeIngredientName=WHEY+PROTEIN&source=2]

Cody Cox

=Caffeine= Caffeine enhances the contractility of skeletal and cardiac muscle, and helps metabolize fat, thereby sparing muscle glycogen stores. It is also a central nervous system stimulant, which can aid in activities that require concentration.
 * Action:**

Many small studies20,21 using randomized, double-blind design have associated caffeine use with increased endurance times. The smallest dose linked to positive results was 250 mg (approximately 3.0 to 3.5 mg per kg).22 Other studies have used doses of 6 to 9 mg per kg.
 * Research**:

Can cause restlessness, nervousness, insomnia, tremors, hyperesthesia and diuresis
 * Effects:**

You can get caffeine in almost anything you have!!...therefore the cost is widespan and you can get it anywhere

AmFamPhysician. 2001 Mar 1;63(5):842-3. Retreved September 29,2009 http://www.aafp.org/afp/20010301/913.html

Brittany Schwien

=Android-anabolic steroid= Women may develop male characteristics, which could be irreversible if testosterone treatment is continued. They may experience changes in menstrual periods, male hair growth (chin or chest,) or hoarse voice. Less serious side effects of this drug is acne, changes in skin color, breast swelling, male pattern baldness, headache, anxiety, depressed mood, mild nausea, and a numbness or tingly feeling. http://www.drugs.com/mtm/android.html (2009, Apr. 12 ). In //Drug Information Online//. Retrieved Sep. 29, 2009, from http://www.drugs.com/mtm/android.html Rachel Collsen
 * Examples**: Android, Methitest, Testred
 * Purposed Benefits**: This medication is used in men who do not make enough testosterone. It may also be used in certain teenage boys to cause puberty if it is delayed. It can also be used for women to treat advanced breast cancer. Builds muscle and decreases appetitive.
 * Has there been scientific, controlled research conducted on the effectiveness or side effects of this aid:** There has been research done on the effect of this type of aid. Men man experience shortness of breath, even with mild exertion. Swelling and rapid weight gain, bone pain, increased thirst, memory problems, restless feeling, confusion, nausea, loss of appetite, increased urination, weakness, muscle twitching, or nausea.
 * Cost:** Depends on the drug, and dosage amount
 * Where you can purchase this aid:** Prescription from a doctor

=Lipo-6= (2002) Nutrex Research. Retrieved Sep. 30, 2009. www.nutrex.com. Shannon Fortner
 * Proposed Benefits:** Burns fat andutilizes maximum strength
 * Controlled Research:** No formal research
 * Side Effects:** Increase in energy levels, anxiety, shaking, light-headedness, cramps, numbness, feeling faint, increase in heart rate, rapid heart beat, sweating, nausea, upset stomach, and can disrupt sleep patterns.
 * Cost:** $49.99
 * Where to purchase:** There are numerous websites that sell this product

=**Trenbolone**=

Also know as Finiplex


 * Proposed Benifits:** Bodybuilders and athletes have been known to use the drug illicitly in order to increase body mass more effectively than by weight training alone(Wikipedia)
 * Controlled Research**: Yes, the urinary excretion and metabolic pattern of 17 beta-trenbolone, a synthetic anabolic steroid hormone used as a growth promotor for beef cattle in several countries, has been studied in a human subject. For the separation of the metabolites of 17 beta-trenbolone, a reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method was established. The method was tested with metabolites obtained from incubation of 17 beta-trenbolone with rat liver microsomes. Fifteen metabolites could be well separated in one run by using a concave acetonitrile-water-methanol gradient. (PubMed)
 * Side effects**:Short-term side effects include insomnia, high blood pressure, night sweats, and decreased libido. However, since women will suffer virilization effects even at small doses, this drug should not be taken by a female. (Wikipedia)
 * Cost**:$59.00 (American Lifestyle)
 * Where to Purchase**: Many websites

(2009) American Lifestye.Retrieved Sep. 30, 2009. []. PubMed. Retrieved Sep. 30, 2009. []. (2009) Wikipedia. Retrieved Sep. 30, 2009. [].

Christine (Beth) Wynn

=Creatine=


 * Proposed Benefits:** Improves an athlete's ability to do repeated short but high intensity workouts longer before getting fatigued.
 * Controlled Research:** Yes, there has been research done that has found positive affects of Creatine, but more research is needed to find out the long term safety and benefits of the supplement.
 * Side Effects:** muscle cramps. pulled muscles, and muscle strains occur more often when using Creatine. Increased renal stress and damage, and increased risk of heat illness.
 * Cost:** Between $20 and $30
 * Where to Purchase:** Online, or GNC stores

(2009) Creatine and athletic research. Retrieved Oct. 1, 2009. http://sportsmedicine.about.com/od/performanceenhancingdrugs/a/Creatine.htm (2009) Buy creatine, capusles, and powders & drinks online. Retrieved Oct. 1, 2009. http://www.drugstore.com/qxc2562_333181_sespider/creatine/creatine.htm

Abby Barra

=**Pyruvate**= = =
 * Proposed Benefits:** Has become popular with athletes and body builders it can reduce body fat, and enhance ability to use energy better.
 * Controlled Research:** Pyruate is marketed as a sports supplement but there has been no good evidence to supports that it works for athletes. But they have tested it on regular people and it help some to lose weight while other in the placebo group either lost weight or gained. The study did show that it did block regain of fat weight.
 * Side Effects:** Relatively safe mild side effects of upset stomach, diarrhea.
 * Costs:** About $20 for the first dosages and $5 for every dosage after
 * Where to buy:** Online or at health food stores

(2009) Pyruvate search http://healthlibrary.epnet.com/GetContent.aspx?token=e0498803-7f62-4563-8d47-5fe33da65dd4&chunkiid=21633 (2009) Costs search http://www.40-30-30.com/dosage.htm

Lakeshia Evans =Yohimbe= Where to Buy:GNC** LaKeesha James
 * Proposed Benefits:** It supposedly increases serum testosterone levels (thereby increasing muscle mass), decreases body fat, and serves as an aphrodisiac;
 * Controlled Research:** None of these effects listed above have yet been substantiated.
 * Side Effects**:Reported side effects from yohimbe use include minor complaints such as headaches, anxiety, and psychological tension, plus more serious effects such as high blood pressure, elevated heart rate, heart palpitations, and hallucinations. Anyone who uses yohimbine should be careful to avoid all tyramine-containing foods, e.g., red wine, liver, and cheese, and nasal decongestants or diet aids containing phenylpropanolamine, all of which could con-tribute to dangerous blood pressure fluctuations.
 * Cost: $20.99
 * []**